Gum disease is a serious oral health condition that always requires immediate medical attention. But what are the stages of gum disease? In this article, we address this question and talk about the gum disease treatment methods that modern periodontal care can offer.
What Are the Stages of Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a bacterial infection of the gum tissue that can become chronic and challenging to treat in its advanced stages. Gum disease can lead to multiple negative consequences, including damage to the gum tissue, loss of jawbone density, tooth loss, and general health issues. Let’s explore the stages of gum disease and their associated symptoms.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. Typically, it can be fully treated if it is addressed in a timely manner. That is why you must see your dentist as soon as possible if you notice any of the following symptoms:
- Red or swollen gums
- Gums that bleed often when you brush or floss your teeth
- Tender or sore gums
- Gums that are sensitive to hot and cold foods or drinks
- Bad breath
Early Periodontitis
If a patient does not receive prompt treatment for their gingivitis, it can progress into a chronic condition known as periodontitis. In most cases, periodontitis, even in the early stage, can not be fully treated. However, the condition can be successfully controlled and prevented from worsening with appropriate treatment. The symptoms of early periodontitis include:
- Swelling, redness, and soreness of the gums
- Periodontal pocket formation (spaces between the teeth and the gum tissue where plaque and tartar accumulate)
- Gum recession
- Increased gum bleeding
- Bad breath and bad taste in the mouth
- Temperature sensitivity of the gums
Moderate Periodontitis
Moderate periodontitis is the worsening of the gum infection and, in addition to the symptoms of previous stages, can be characterized by the following:
- Deepening of periodontal pockets (4–6 mm)
- Noticeable gum recession
- Jawbone density loss is visible on an X-ray
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Persistent bad breath and unpleasant taste in the mouth
Advanced Periodontitis
Advanced periodontitis, which involves severe damage to the gum tissue and jawbone, typically has these symptoms:
- Darkening of the gum tissue
- Periodontal pockets are 6 mm or more
- Severe gum recession and bone loss
- Changes in bite or tooth alignment
- Extremely loose and unstable teeth or tooth loss
- Pain
- Abscesses and cysts on the gums
Gum Disease Treatment Options
In its early stages, gum disease can be effectively treated with frequent professional dental cleanings, fluoride treatments, and improved at-home oral hygiene. In some cases, antibacterial medication can also be needed to reduce inflammation. As we mentioned earlier, gingivitis can be fully treated within several weeks, provided all necessary steps are taken.
In more advanced stages, gum disease can be controlled and improved with the following methods in addition to cleanings and improved oral hygiene:
- Antibacterial therapy
- Deep cleanings (scaling and root planing): allow removal of tartar from underneath the gum line and help the gum to reattach to the teeth
- Flap surgery (surgical periodontal pocket reduction)
- Gum and bone grafting: surgical placement of naturally or artificially sourced tissue (grafts) into the areas where most tissue loss occurs to prompt its regeneration
- Guided tissue regeneration
Treat Gum Disease at East Highland Dental
If you experience any symptoms of gum disease, do not hesitate to schedule an appointment with an experienced periodontal dentist at East Highland Dental. Remember that the sooner you start the treatment, the better the chances of defeating the condition. We look forward to your visit.